Effect of Some Types of Doping Used by Athletes on Liver and Kidneys Functional Performance in Albino Male Rats

Abstract

The studies and researches at the present time interested with doping especially the anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) due to their commonly used by the athletes  and non-athletes , as well as study the effect of these doping on body organs and its tissues such as liver and kidneys, effectiveness of hepatic enzymes, the variations in the performance of liver and kidney functions, in addition to the hepatic pathological changes like cirrhosis, congestion, necrosis, increased collagen content in the liver parenchyma and disturbance in the glomerular filtration process of kidney. Therefore, this study aimed to use Nandrolone decanoate doping (ND) that has been possessed anabolic androgenic ability and diagnosis its influences on the tissues of some organs especially liver and kidneys. The current study was performed in the animal house return to the Biology department / Faculty of Education for Girls / Kufa University, in this study (30) male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain were used and divided into two main groups, the first group was the control group comprised (15) rats were also divided into three equal subgroups, a group was injected with normal saline solution (0.9%) once a week for one month, a group was also included (5) rats injected with (0.9%) normal saline solution one time weekly for two months and the last group was  also injected with normal saline (0.9%) once weekly for three months, while the second group was contained (15) rats and divided into three equal subgroups, a group was injected with Nandrolone decanoate doping (ND) at the concentration of (1 mg/kg) once weekly for one month, a group was injected with (1 mg/kg) of (ND) doping also one time at week for two months, concerning to the last group was injected with (ND) doping at the concentration of (1 mg/kg) once a week for the period of three months, the injection process of all treatments was intramuscular (in the hind limb muscle) for each rat.  The study was contained, body weight recording as well as the relative weights of liver and kidneys, estimation of some biochemical parameters of the blood as: Aspartate amino transferase (AST), Alanine amino transferase (ALT), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), the levels of total bilirubin, total protein, albumin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine and urea, whereas the histological study included, preparation of tissue sections for the liver and kidneys. The statistical analysis of study were revealed : a significant increase (p<0.05) in the body weight, relative weights of liver and kidneys, effectiveness of hepatic enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP), levels of total bilirubin, total protein, albumin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine an urea at the groups were treated with Nandrolone decanoate doping compared to the control groups . With regard to the microscopic examination of liver and kidneys sections for male rats that injected with Nandrolone decanoate doping were exhibited various patho-histological changes when compared with the control groups. The conclusion: the present study was conducted to, the treatment with Nandrolone decanoate doping for the periods (one, two and three months) caused observable deterioration in the functional performance of both hepatic and renal tissues.

Keywords: Nandrolone decanoate doping, Hepatic and renal tissues functional performance, Patho-histological effects, Physiological and biochemical properties of the blood.